Written by 
Visualizing China’s Cobalt Supply Dominance by 2030
This was originally posted on our Voronoi app. Download the app for free on iOS or Android and discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.
Chinese dominance over critical minerals used in technologies like smartphones, electric vehicles (EVs), and solar power has become a growing concern for the U.S. and other Western countries.
Currently, China refines 68% of the world’s nickel, 40% of copper, 59% of lithium, and 73% of cobalt, and is continuing to expand its mining operations.
This graphic visualizes the total cobalt supply from the top 10 producers in 2030, highlighting China’s dominance. The data comes from Benchmark Mineral Intelligence, as of July 2024.
| Cobalt Production (tonnes) | Non-Chinese Owned Production |
Chinese Owned Production |
2030F (Total) | 2030F (Share) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇨🇩 DRC | 94,989 | 109,159 | 204,148 | 67.9% |
| 🇮🇩 Indonesia | 23,288 | 25,591 | 48,879 | 16.3% |
| 🇦🇺 Australia | 7,070 | 0 | 7,070 | 2.4% |
| 🇵🇭 Philippines | 5,270 | 0 | 5,270 | 1.8% |
| 🇷🇺 Russia | 4,838 | 0 | 4,838 | 1.6% |
| 🇨🇦 Canada | 4,510 | 0 | 4,510 | 1.5% |
| 🇨🇺 Cuba | 4,496 | 0 | 4,496 | 1.5% |
| 🇵🇬 Papua New Guinea | 541 | 3,067 | 3,608 | 1.2% |
| 🇹🇷 Turkey | 2,835 | 0 | 2,835 | 0.9% |
| 🇳🇨 New Caledonia | 2,799 | 0 | 2,799 | 0.9% |
| 🌍 ROW | 10,336 | 1,901 | 12,237 | 4.1% |
| Total | 160,974 | 139,718 | 300,692 | 100.0% |
China’s Footprint in Africa
Cobalt is a critical mineral with a wide range of commercial, industrial, and military applications. It has gained significant attention in recent years due to its use in battery production. Today, the EV sector accounts for 40% of the global cobalt market.
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) currently produces 74% of the world’s cobalt supply. Although cobalt deposits exist in regions like Australia, Europe, and Asia, the DRC holds the largest reserves by far.
China is the world’s leading consumer of cobalt, with nearly 87% of its cobalt consumption dedicated to the lithium-ion battery industry.
Although Chinese companies hold stakes in only three of the top 10 cobalt-producing countries, they control over half of the cobalt production in the DRC and Indonesia, and 85% of the output in Papua New Guinea.
Given the DRC’s large share of global cobalt production, many Chinese companies have expanded their presence in the country, acquiring projects and forming partnerships with the Congolese government.
According to Benchmark, Chinese companies are expected to control 46% of the global cobalt mined supply by 2030, a 3% increase from 2023.
By 2030, the top 10 cobalt-producing countries will account for 96% of the total mined supply, with just two countries—the DRC and Indonesia—contributing 84% of the total.
Learn More on the Voronoi App 
If you enjoyed this post, be sure to check out this graphic, which shows estimated cobalt production by country in 2023.